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Standards and studies

Electrical studies, solar plants and the standards behind each test.

Solar plants

BT, MT, ATBESS commissioning: tests and requirementsCommissioning a battery energy storage system (BESS): stages, electrical tests, PCS, protection, SCADA integration and the utility's interconnection tests.MT/ATSolar plant step-up substation: parts and commissioningParts of a solar plant step-up substation: GSU transformer, collector switchgear, interconnection protection, metering and SCADA, and how it is energized.

Technical standards

MT/AT/EATIEC 62443 for substations: zones, conduits and SL levelsHow IEC 62443 applies to a substation: parts of the series, zones and conduits, security levels SL 1 to 4, and how it relates to IEC 62351 and IEEE 1686.IEEE 1686: IED cybersecurity capabilitiesWhat IEEE 1686-2022 requires of a protective relay or IED: access control, roles, audit trail, configuration, firmware and ports, and how to specify it.

Need a study or the design of your connection?We carry out interconnection studies, protection coordination and engineering design.

Engineering and studies

Other sections

ProtectionEvery protection function, protection schemes and teleprotection, coordination fundamentals, and what to do when a relay trips.Equipment and substationsCircuit breakers, transformers, CTs, VTs and other equipment by voltage level, their internal parts, bus arrangements and station service.TestingWhat each test is, what it is for, which standard defines it and which equipment and voltage levels it applies to.Communications and controlIEC 61850 and the other protocols, substation networks and communication devices, and control up to SCADA.