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Substations

Substation types and bus arrangements, design, earthing, station service and compact substations.

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Electrical substation: what it is, parts and how it worksWhat an electrical substation is, what it does, the equipment in the switchyard and the control building, how power flows and how it is commissioned.

Types and design

MT/AT/EATElectrical substation: what it is, parts and how it worksWhat an electrical substation is, what it does, the equipment in the switchyard and the control building, how power flows and how it is commissioned.

Bus arrangements

AT/EATHigh and extra-high voltage substations: the essentialsWhat sets HV and EHV substations apart: voltage classes, bus arrangements, equipment, insulation coordination, duplicated protection and control.

Designing, expanding or upgrading a substation?We do the primary engineering: bus arrangement, physical layout, earthing grid, station service and drawings for the grid operator.

Primary engineering

Other sections

ProtectionEvery ANSI function, protection schemes and teleprotection, relays and reclosers by model, and coordination fundamentals.Testing and commissioningWhat each test is and which standard defines it, protection testing and commissioning, by equipment and voltage level.Automation and communicationsIEC 61850 and the other protocols, SCADA, substation networks and clocks, control, interlocking and logic.Faults and tripsWhat to do after a trip, an alarm or a device that does not operate: likely causes, how to confirm them from the records and how to fix them.Solar energyStandards and permits in Colombia, PV components, solar park design and storage, testing, switching and solar equipment by brand.IndustryWhat a plant needs: maintenance, motors, drives and standby generation, transformers, power quality, its substation and load growth.Standards and grid connectionGrid connection requirements, the technical standards and the electrical studies they call for.